1. Umwotsi wera: Ibiranga inkomoko
Ibiranga:
Ibara:Kugaragara byera cyangwa byijimye.
Ingano y'ibice:Ibice binini (> 1 micron), mubisanzwe bigizwe numwuka wamazi nibisigazwa byoroheje.
Ubushyuhe:Umwotsi wera muri rusange ujyana no gutwika ubushyuhe buke cyangwa uburyo bwo gutwika butuzuye.
Ibigize:
Umwuka wamazi (igice cyingenzi).
Ibice byiza biturutse ku gutwikwa kutuzuye (urugero, fibre idacanwa, ivu).
Inkomoko:
Umwotsi wera ukorwa mbere na mberegucana umuriro, bibaho mugihe cya ogisijeni yabuze cyangwa gutwika buhoro, nka:
Guhumura ibikoresho bisanzwe nkibiti, ipamba, cyangwa impapuro.
Intangiriro yumuriro iyo ubushyuhe bwaka buri hasi, butanga imyuka myinshi yamazi nuduce duto.
Gutwika ibikoresho byumye cyangwa igice cyumye (urugero, ibiti bitose).
Ibyago:
Umwotsi wera akenshi uhujwe numuriro ugurumana, ushobora kuba udafite umuriro ugaragara ariko ukarekura byinshimonoxyde de carbone (CO)nizindi myuka yubumara.
Inkongi y'umuriro ikunze guhishwa kandi ikirengagizwa byoroshye ariko irashobora guhita ikura ikongoka vuba.
2. Umwotsi wirabura: Ibiranga inkomoko
Ibiranga:
Ibara:Kugaragara umukara cyangwa umukara wijimye.
Ingano y'ibice:Utuntu duto (<1 micron), denser, hamwe nibintu bikomeye byo kwinjiza urumuri.
Ubushyuhe:Umwotsi wirabura mubisanzwe ujyana no gutwikwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru no gutwikwa vuba.
Ibigize:
Ibice bya karubone (ibikoresho bya karubone byatwitse).
Tar hamwe nibindi bintu bigoye kama.
Inkomoko:
Umwotsi wirabura ukorwa mbere na mbereumuriro ugurumana, zirangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi no gutwikwa cyane, bikunze kuboneka muri:
Umuriro wibikoresho bya sintetike:Gutwika plastiki, reberi, amavuta, nibintu bya shimi.
Umuriro wa lisansi: Gutwika lisansi, mazutu, nibindi bisa nabyo bitanga urugero rwinshi rwa karubone.
Nyuma yicyiciro cyumuriro, aho gutwika gukomera, kurekura uduce duto twiza hamwe numwotsi mwinshi.
Ibyago:
Umwotsi wirabura akenshi usobanura umuriro ukwirakwira vuba, ubushyuhe bwinshi, nibishobora guturika.
Irimo imyuka myinshi yuburozi nkamonoxyde de carbone (CO)nahydrogen cyanide (HCN), biteza ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima.
3. Kugereranya umwotsi wera numwotsi wumukara
| Ibiranga | Umwotsi wera | Umwotsi wirabura |
|---|---|---|
| Ibara | Icyatsi cyangwa cyera | Umukara cyangwa umukara wijimye |
| Ingano ya Particle | Ibice binini (> micron 1) | Uduce duto (<1 micron) |
| Inkomoko | Inkongi yumuriro, ubushyuhe buke | Umuriro ugurumana, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwaka vuba |
| Ibikoresho bisanzwe | Ibiti, ipamba, impapuro, nibindi bikoresho bisanzwe | Plastike, reberi, amavuta, nibikoresho bya shimi |
| Ibigize | Umwuka wamazi nuduce duto duto | Ibice bya karubone, ibishishwa, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima |
| Ibyago | Birashoboka ko bishobora guteza akaga, birashobora kurekura imyuka yubumara | Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, gukwirakwira vuba, burimo imyuka yubumara |
4. Ni gute impuruza z'umwotsi zerekana umwotsi wera n'umukara?
Kugirango umenye neza umwotsi wera numukara, impuruza yumwotsi igezweho ikoresha tekinoroji ikurikira:
1. Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi:
Kora ukurikije ihame ryagutatanya urumurigutahura ibice binini byumwotsi wera.
Ibyiza bikwiranye no kumenya hakiri kare umuriro waka.
2. Ikimenyetso cya Ionisation:
Kumva cyane uduce duto twumwotsi wumukara.
Menya vuba vuba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwaka umuriro.
3. Ikoranabuhanga rya Dens-Sensor:
Ihuza tekinoroji ya fotoelectric na ionisation kugirango umenye umwotsi wera numukara, kunoza neza umuriro.
4. Igenzura ryimikorere myinshi:
Harimo ibyuma byubushyuhe, ibyuma bya karubone (CO), cyangwa tekinoroji ya tekinoroji kugirango itandukane neza ryumuriro kandi igabanye impuruza zitari zo.
5. Umwanzuro
Umwotsi weraahanini bituruka ku muriro ugurumana, urangwa nuduce twinshi, gutwikwa kwubushyuhe buke, hamwe no gusohora kwinshi kwumwuka wamazi na gaze yubumara.
Umwotsi wiraburaisanzwe ifitanye isano nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwaka umuriro, bugizwe nuduce duto, denser nu muriro ukwirakwira vuba.
Ibigezwehoibyuma byerekana ibyuma bibiribikwiranye no kumenya umwotsi wera n'umukara, byongera umuburo wumuriro nukuri.
Gusobanukirwa ibiranga umwotsi ntabwo bifasha gusa muguhitamo neza umwotsi wumwotsi ahubwo binagira uruhare runini mukurinda umuriro no guhangana kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-18-2024