Incamake yikiguzi cyo gutangaza umwotsi
Mu gihe inzego za leta zishinzwe umutekano ku isi zikomeje kunoza ibipimo byo gukumira inkongi z’umuriro kandi abantu bakamenya gukumira inkongi z’umuriro buhoro buhoro, impuruza z’umwotsi zahindutse ibikoresho by’umutekano mu rwego rw’urugo, ubucuruzi, inganda n’urugo rw’ubwenge. Nubwo igiciro ubona ku mbuga za e-ubucuruzi nka Amazone cyangwa B2B imbuga za interineti zishobora kuba igiciro cyanyuma, ni ngombwa cyane kubaguzi bamasosiyete gusobanukirwa nigiciro cyumusaruro wibimenyesha umwotsi. Ibi ntabwo bifasha gusa kunonosora ingengo yamasoko, ariko kandi bifasha guhitamo utanga ibicuruzwa bihuye nibyo bakeneye. Iyi ngingo izasesengura imiterere yikiguzi cyo gukora umwotsi wumwotsi mubwimbitse, gusobanura ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka kubiciro, kandi bifasha ibigo gufata ibyemezo byinshi byamasoko.
Ibice byingenzi bigize umwotsi wo gutabaza
1. Igiciro cyibikoresho
Ibikoresho nyamukuru byibanze byumwotsi birimo sensor, amazu, imbaho za PCB, bateri, ibyuma byubwenge, nibindi. Guhitamo ibyuma bikora cyane (nka sensor ya fotoelectric sensor na ion sensor) hamwe namazu maremare (94V0 flame-retardant plastike) igena neza ikiguzi cy'umusaruro. Ubwiza bwa bateri nibikoresho bya elegitoronike nabyo bizagira ingaruka kumurongo muremure wibicuruzwa.
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2. Amafaranga yumurimo
Umusaruro wokumenyesha umwotsi ntushobora gutandukanywa nabakozi babishoboye ba R&D nabakozi bakora. Kuva mubishushanyo, R&D kugeza guterana, kubyara no kohereza, buri murongo uhuza uruhare rwabakozi babishoboye, kandi iyi mirimo yongerera ibiciro umusaruro.
3. Ibikoresho n'ibiciro byo gukora
Imirongo itanga umusaruro irashobora guteza imbere neza umusaruro, nka SMT (tekinoroji yubuso bwa tekinoroji) imashini ishyira, ibikoresho byo gusudira byikora, nibindi. Binyuze mugukoresha neza ibikoresho, umusaruro munini ufasha kugabanya ibiciro byibice, ariko ibigo bigomba gushora imari myinshi muguhindura ibikoresho no kubungabunga.
4. Kugenzura ubuziranenge no gutanga ibyemezo
Kugenzura ubuziranenge no gutanga ibyemezo: Kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga (nk'icyemezo cya CE, EN14604, n'ibindi) ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa. Kugirango batsinde ubugenzuzi bukomeye, ababikora bakeneye gushora imari yinyongera, kugenzura no kubahiriza ibiciro byemeza, kandi iki gice cyikiguzi kizagaragarira mubiciro byanyuma byibicuruzwa.
5. Gutezimbere porogaramu no gutangiza porogaramu
Kubimenyesha umwotsi wubwenge, usibye ibiciro byibyuma, software hamwe niterambere rya software nabyo ni ishoramari ryingenzi. Ibiciro byiterambere birimo kubaka seriveri, gushushanya ibyuma niterambere, hamwe na progaramu ya progaramu no kuyitaho.
Ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumusaruro wibimenyetso byumwotsi
Igipimo cy'umusaruro
Kugura kwinshi mubisanzwe byishimira ibiciro byibikoresho fatizo kandi nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kugenzura ibiciro. Umusaruro munini hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse burashobora kurushaho kugabanya igiciro cyikintu kimwe. Kubwibyo, kubaguzi B-barangije kugura ibicuruzwa byinshi, kugura byinshi ntibishobora kuzigama ibiciro gusa, ahubwo binunguka inyungu zimwe murwego rwo gutanga.
2. Ibisabwa byihariye
Kubaguzi B-amaherezo, ibisabwa byihariye (nka serivisi ya OEM / ODM, igishushanyo mbonera, nibindi) nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubiciro.
Urugero:
2.1. Gutegura ibyuma
Sensor yihariye:
• Hitamo ubwoko butandukanye bwa sensororo (ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi, ibyuma bya ion, ibyuma bifata ibyuma, nibindi) ukurikije ibikenewe kugirango uhuze nibidukikije bitandukanye nibikenewe.
• Urashobora kongeramo sensor zitandukanye zitandukanye, nka sensor yubushyuhe, sensor ya karubone (CO), nibindi, kugirango uhuze ibikenewe gukurikiranwa.
Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ridafite insinga:
• Hindura uburyo butandukanye bwitumanaho ryitumanaho ukurikije ibyo ukoresha akeneye, nka Wi-Fi, RF, Zigbee, Bluetooth, NB-IoT, Z-Wave, LoRa, Ibintu, nibindi, kugirango ugere kure, kurebera, guhuza ibikoresho nibindi bikorwa.
Ubwoko bwa bateri n'ubuzima bwa bateri:
• Hindura ubwoko bwa bateri (nka batiri ya lithium, bateri ya alkaline, nibindi), hamwe nubushobozi bwa bateri hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi kugirango ukore neza igihe kirekire cyibikoresho.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu:
• Kugirango wongere igihe cya bateri, hindura igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzunguruko kugirango umenye neza ko ukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mugikoresho gihagaze kandi gitabaza.
Igikonoshwa n'ibishushanyo:
• Koresha ibikoresho bya pulasitiki birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi byaka umuriro (nka ABS, PC, nibindi) kugirango umenye neza ibikoresho.
• Hindura ibara, ingano, imiterere yikigero ukurikije ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, ndetse uhindure ibirango byikirango nibindi birango.
2.2 Guhindura imikorere
Igikorwa cyubwenge:
• Shigikira kugenzura no kugenzura kure: kureba kure no kugenzura uko impuruza yumwotsi ukoresheje terefone igendanwa APP cyangwa sisitemu yo murugo ifite ubwenge.
• Imikorere yijwi ryibikorwa byihuse, shyigikira indimi nyinshi zijwi, byorohereza abakoresha mukarere.
• Shyigikira ikibazo cyamateka yo gutabaza, yemerera abakoresha kureba inyandiko yo gutabaza hamwe nimiterere yibikoresho igihe icyo aricyo cyose.
Guhuza ibikoresho byinshi:
• Hindura imikorere ihuza ibikoresho, shyigikira guhuza byikora nizindi mpuruza zumwotsi, sisitemu yo gutabaza umuriro, amatara yubwenge, ibyuma byangiza ikirere nibindi bikoresho, kandi utezimbere umutekano muri rusange.
Gusunika impuruza:
• Hindura imikorere yo gutabaza ukurikije ibikenewe bitandukanye, bishobora gusunika amakuru yo gutabaza kuri terefone igendanwa y'umukoresha, cyangwa guhuza nibindi bikoresho (nko guhita ufungura sisitemu yo gusohora umwotsi).
Ijwi ryumvikana kandi ryihuse:
• Ukurikije amasoko atandukanye akeneye, hinduranya amajwi atandukanye yo gutabaza hamwe nijwi ryijwi kugirango umenye neza ko abakoresha bashobora kwibutswa neza.
2.3. Porogaramu hamwe na porogaramu yihariye
Guhindura imikorere ya software hamwe na software:
• Hindura uburyo bwo gutabaza nuburyo bwo gukora (nkuburyo bwo guceceka, imikorere yigihe, nibindi) byimpuruza ukurikije ibyo abakiriya bakeneye.
• Hindura porogaramu kugirango ugere kumikorere myiza kandi uhuze nibidukikije bikora (nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushuhe, nibindi).
Kwishyira hamwe kwa APP hamwe nigicu:
• Shigikira guhuza na terefone ya APP, hanyuma uhindure intera n'imikorere ya APP, kugirango abakoresha bashobore gukora no gukurikirana impuruza yumwotsi byoroshye.
• Huza igicu kugirango utange igenzura rya kure, kubika amakuru hamwe nizindi serivisi.
Kuzamura porogaramu:
• Tanga imikorere ya OTA ya kure (hejuru yikirere), kugirango igikoresho gishobore kubona ivugurura ryibikoresho bidasubirwaho kugirango harebwe imikorere yigihe kirekire numutekano wigikoresho.
3. Ibipimo byubuziranenge no gutanga ibyemezo
Ubukomezi bwibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe nubuziranenge bwerekana neza uburyo bugoye bwo gukora. Kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga (nka EN14604, icyemezo cya UL, nibindi) bisaba kwipimisha no kugenzura, kandi ibyo byemezo bizagira ingaruka kubiciro byanyuma.
4. Amafaranga yo mukarere nakazi
Itandukaniro ryibiciro byakazi mu turere dutandukanye naryo ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku musaruro. Kurugero, abakora umwotsi wumwotsi uherereye mubushinwa barashobora guha abaguzi B-end ibicuruzwa byinshi birushanwe kubiciro kubera umushahara wabo muto.
Nigute ushobora gusuzuma ikiguzi-cyiza cyo gutabaza umwotsi?
Kubaguzi B-amaherezo, ni ngombwa guhitamo impuruza yumwotsi hamwe nigiciro kinini. Gukoresha neza ntabwo bivuga gusa ibiciro biri hasi, ahubwo bisaba no gutekereza cyane kubintu nkubwiza, imikorere, inkunga ya tekiniki na serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha. Ibikurikira ningingo zingenzi zingenzi zo gusuzuma ikiguzi-cyiza:
1.Ubuziranenge no kuramba:Impuruza zo mu rwego rwohejuru zisanzwe zifite ubuzima burambye bwa serivisi nigipimo gito cyo gutsindwa, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gusimburwa nyuma.
2.Imikorere yihariye na nyuma yo kugurisha:Serivise yihariye na nyuma yo kugurisha: Ubwishingizi bwuzuye nyuma yo kugurisha butanga ibigo byoroshye kandi byizewe.
3.Imikorere ihuye nubufasha bwa tekiniki:Hitamo imikorere iboneye ukurikije ibikenewe, aho gushingira gusa kubintu byigiciro.
Inyungu n'imbogamizi zo kugena ibiciro bisobanutse
Ku baguzi ba sosiyete, ibiciro bisobanutse bifasha kunoza imikorere nukuri kwicyemezo cyubuguzi. Hamwe nimiterere isobanutse neza, abaguzi barashobora gusobanukirwa neza imiterere yikiguzi cyibicuruzwa no gutanga ingengo yimishinga ikwiye. Nyamara, gukabya gukabije birashobora kandi kuzana igitutu cyamarushanwa kumasoko, cyane cyane mugihe abanywanyi bashobora kwigana byoroshye ingamba zo kugena ibiciro. Kubwibyo, gahunda zihamye zo kugena ibiciro na serivisi yihariye bikomeza kuba urufunguzo rwo kwemeza guhangana kw'abatanga isoko.
Umwanzuro: Gutanga impirimbanyi hagati yibiciro bisobanutse na serivisi yihariye
Muri B-itangwa ryamasoko yumwotsi wumwotsi, ibiciro bisobanutse na serivisi yihariye yihariye iruzuzanya. Nkumushinga wumwuga wabigize umwuga mubushinwa,Arizayiyemeje guha buri mukiriya ibicuruzwa bihendutse kandi serivisi zinoze zorohereza, gufasha abakiriya kugera ku ntego zabo zo gutanga amasoko mugihe ibyo bakeneye bya tekiniki kandi byiza byujujwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-21-2025