Umunsi wa gatanu w’umukara ni ijambo risanzwe rikoreshwa ku wa gatanu nyuma ya Thanksgiving muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ubusanzwe ni ryo ritangira igihe cyo guhaha cya Noheli muri Amerika.
Amaduka menshi atanga ibiciro biri ku giciro gito cyane kandi afungura kare, rimwe na rimwe kugeza saa sita z'ijoro, bigatuma uba umunsi w'ubucuruzi uhugiramo abantu benshi mu mwaka. Ariko, ibirori ngarukamwaka byo kugurisha bishobora kuba bigizwe n'amayobera ndetse n'ibitekerezo bimwe na bimwe by'ubugambanyi.
Ikoreshwa rya mbere ryanditse ry'ijambo Black Friday ku rwego rw'igihugu ryabaye muri Nzeri 1869. Ariko ntabwo ryari rijyanye no guhaha mu minsi mikuru. Inyandiko z'amateka zigaragaza ko iri jambo ryakoreshejwe mu kuvuga abashoramari b'Abanyamerika bo muri Wall Street Jay Gould na Jim Fisk, baguze igice kinini cya zahabu y'igihugu kugira ngo igiciro kiyongere.
Aba bombi ntibashoboye kongera kugurisha zahabu ku nyungu nyinshi bari bateganyije, maze ubucuruzi bwabo buhagarara ku ya 24 Nzeri 1869. Gahunda yaje kumenyekana ku wa gatanu muri Nzeri, ituma isoko ry’imigabane rigabanuka cyane kandi rihomba abantu bose kuva ku baherwe ba Wall Street kugeza ku baturage bakennye.
Isoko ry'imigabane ryagabanutseho 20%, ubucuruzi bw'amahanga burahagarara, kandi agaciro k'ingano n'ibigori byasaruwe kagabanukaho kimwe cya kabiri ku bahinzi.
Umunsi wo kuzuka
Nyuma cyane, i Philadelphia mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1950 no mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1960, abaturage baho bagarutse kuri iryo jambo bashaka kuvuga umunsi wo gushimira Imana n'umukino w'umupira w'amaguru w'ingabo zirwanira mu mazi.
Iki gikorwa cyakurura imbaga y’abakerarugendo n’abaguzi benshi, gishyira umutwaro mwinshi ku nzego zishinzwe iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko zo mu gace kugira ngo zigenzure ibintu byose.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1980, iryo jambo ryaje kuvugwaho guhaha. Abacuruzi bavumbuye Black Friday kugira ngo bagaragaze inkuru y'inyongera y'uburyo abacungamari bakoreshaga irangi ry'amabara atandukanye, ibara ry'umutuku ku nyungu mbi n'ibara ry'umukara ku nyungu nziza, kugira ngo bagaragaze inyungu y'ikigo.
Umunsi wa Black Friday wabaye umunsi amaduka yabonye inyungu.
Izina ryakomeje kuba ryiza, kandi kuva icyo gihe, Black Friday yahindutse igikorwa cy’igihe kirekire cyazanye iminsi mikuru myinshi yo guhaha, nka Small Business Saturday na Cyber Monday.
Muri uyu mwaka, Black Friday yabaye ku ya 25 Ugushyingo mu gihe Cyber Monday yizihizwaga ku ya 28 Ugushyingo. Ibirori bibiri byo guhaha byagiye bisa mu myaka ya vuba aha bitewe n’uko byegeranye.
Umunsi w’umukara wizihizwa no muri Kanada, mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by’i Burayi, mu Buhinde, muri Nijeriya, muri Afurika y’Epfo na Nouvelle-Zélande, n’ahandi. Muri uyu mwaka nabonye ko amwe mu masoko yacu ya supermarket muri Kenya nka Carrefour yari afite ibyo asabwa kuwa gatanu.
Nyuma yo kuvuga ku mateka nyayo ya Black Friday, ndashaka kuvuga ku nkuru imwe yavuzwe cyane mu bihe bya vuba aha kandi abantu benshi basa n'aho bayitekerezaho neza.
Iyo umunsi, ikintu cyangwa ikintu bibanzirijwe n'ijambo "umukara", akenshi biba bifitanye isano n'ikintu kibi cyangwa kibi.
Vuba aha, havutse umugani uhindura cyane umuco, uvuga ko mu myaka ya 1800, ba nyiri amashyamba y’Abirabura bo mu majyepfo ya Amerika bashoboraga kugura abakozi b’abirabura baba abacakara ku giciro gito umunsi umwe nyuma ya Thanksgiving.
Mu Gushyingo 2018, inyandiko yashyizwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga yabeshye ko ifoto y'abirabura bafite iminyururu mu ijosi yafashwe "mu gihe cy'ubucuruzi bw'abacakara muri Amerika," kandi ko ari "amateka ababaje n'icyo Black Friday isobanura."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-30-2022