Mu rwego rwo kwirinda umuriro, gutabaza umwotsi byahoze ari umurongo wanyuma wo kurinda ubuzima n’ibintu. Impuruza yumwotsi hakiri kare yari nka "sentinel" ituje, yishingikirije kumashanyarazi yoroheje yerekana amashanyarazi cyangwa tekinoroji yo gutahura ion kugirango asohore beep itobora ugutwi mugihe umwotsi wumwotsi urenze imipaka. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya interineti yibintu, ubwenge bwubukorikori n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, iki gikoresho gakondo kirimo guhinduka mu buryo butigeze bubaho - kuva kuri "signal imwe" kwirwanaho gusa, kugera ku "guhuza ubwenge" igihe cy’umutekano gikora. Ihindagurika ntabwo ryahinduye imiterere yibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo ryanasobanuye neza umutekano w’umuriro ugezweho.

1. Imipaka na Dilemmas zo kumenyekanisha imyotsi gakondo

Ihame ryakazi ryibimenyesha umwotsi gakondo rishingiye kumyumvire yumubiri cyangwa imiti, kandi impuruza iterwa no kumenya umwotsi. Nubwo iri koranabuhanga rishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byibanze bikenewe, rifite ingaruka zigaragara mubihe bigoye: igikoni cyo guteka igikoni, amazi y’amazi yo mu gihe cyizuba, ndetse nudukoko twinjira muri detector.kwibeshya, irashobora gukurura ibinyoma; kandi iyo abantu basohotse kandi kwivanga kw urusaku bibaye, niyo haba umuriro nyawo ubaye, ijwi rikaze rya beeping rishobora gutuma ntamuntu ubibona kandi akabura igihe cyiza cyo guhunga.

Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, abagera kuri 60% bahitanwa n’umuriro mu rugo biterwa no kunanirwa gutabaza kwishura mu gihe. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho gakondo bishingira kuri bateri cyangwa ibikoresho byigenga bitanga amashanyarazi kandi bikabura kubikurikirana kure no kwisuzumisha ubwabyo, bigatuma bigorana kumenya ibibazo nkibikoresho bishaje ndetse no gutakaza bateri mugihe gikwiye, bityo bigatera umutekano muke.

2. Guhuza ubwenge: Kongera kubaka 'Nerv Center' yo Kuburira umuriro

Kuba ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ryibintu (IoT) ryinjije 'gene yubwenge' mubimenyesha umwotsi. Impuruza zigezweho zigezweho zihuza amakuru nyayo kuri porogaramu zigendanwa, sisitemu yo mu rugo rwagati igenzura cyangwa urubuga rwo kuzimya umuriro binyuze muri protocole y'itumanaho nka Wi-Fi, Bluetooth cyangwa Zigbee. Iyo umwotsi mwinshi urenze urwego rusanzwe, abawukoresha barashobora kwakira uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenyesha gusunika nko kunyeganyega nijwi mugihe cyambere, kabone niyo byaba ari kilometero ibihumbi, ndetse bagahuza kamera kugirango barebe ibibera.

Mu bucuruzi n’ubucuruzi rusange, agaciro ko guhuza ubwenge ni byiza cyane. Impuruza nyinshi zirashobora gukora urusobekerane rudafite umurongo, kugirango ugere ku 'gutabaza, igisubizo cyose cy'urusobe'. Mu nyubako z'ibiro, mu bitaro no mu zindi nyubako nini, urubuga rwo kuyobora rushobora gukurikirana uko impuruza zose zihagaze mu gihe nyacyo, zikabyara amakarita y’ubushyuhe, kandi zigakora iperereza ku kaga kihishe mbere; nyuma yuko ishami ry’umuriro rimaze kugera kuri sisitemu yo gutabaza ifite ubwenge, irashobora kumenya vuba aho umuriro uherereye, kohereza inkeragutabara, kandi bigateza imbere ibikorwa byihutirwa.

3.Icyerekezo kizaza: Impinduramatwara yibidukikije yumuriro mugihe cya AIoT

Hamwe noguhuza kwimbitse kwubukorikori (AI) na interineti yibintu (IoT), ahazaza hamenyeshwa umwotsi uza kurenga igipimo cy 'igikoresho kimwe' kandi kiba urufunguzo rwibanze rwibinyabuzima byangiza umuriro. Ku ruhande rumwe, tekinoroji ya AI izatanga impungenge 'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza': mu gusesengura amakuru yamateka n'ibipimo by'ibidukikije, bizerekana ko umuriro ushobora kuba; ifatanije namakuru yubumenyi bwikirere, bizatanga integuza hakiri kare ibyago byumuriro mubihe byumuyaga n umuyaga. Kurugero, mumashyamba hamwe nububiko bwububiko, ibyuma byumwotsi byubwenge bitwawe nindege zitagira abadereva birashobora kugera mugace gakurikiranwa ningufu, kandi bigakoresha tekinoroji yo kumenyekanisha amashusho kugirango ifunge vuba inkomoko yumuriro.

Kurundi ruhande, iterambere ryamazu yubwenge hamwe nibisagara byubwenge bizamura impuruza kuri 'Internet ya Byose' ubwihindurize. Mu bihe biri imbere, impuruza y’umwotsi irashobora guhuzwa nubushyuhe nubushuhe, gaze, monoxyde de carbone nizindi sensor, bigahinduka 'super terminal' kumutekano murugo; muguhuza nububiko bwumuriro bwumujyi, sisitemu irashobora guhita igarura igishushanyo mbonera cyinyubako, aho amazu arwanya umuriro, kugirango atange ubuyobozi nyabwo bwo gutabara; ndetse no mu binyabiziga, indege nubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu, sisitemu yo gutumura umwotsi yubwenge irashobora guhuzwa rwose na auto-pilote hamwe nuburyo bwihutirwa bwo kugwa byihutirwa kugirango ubuzima bwiyongere.

4.Ibibazo n'ibitekerezo: Ibitekerezo byihishe inyuma yubuhanga

Nubwo ifite ibyiringiro byinshi, gukundwa kwimyotsi yubwenge iracyafite ibibazo byinshi. Ibyago byumutekano wa cyber nibyambere - iyo igikoresho kimaze kwibasirwa, gishobora kugutera kunanirwa gutabaza cyangwa gutabaza ibinyoma; igiciro cyikoranabuhanga no kutamenya abakoresha nabyo byabujije kuzamura ibicuruzwa byubwenge ku isoko rirohama. Byongeye kandi, guhuza ibirango bitandukanye na protocole bibangamira imikoranire y’ibinyabuzima byo kuzimya umuriro. Ni muri urwo rwego, inganda zikeneye byihutirwa gushyiraho urwego rumwe, gushimangira ibanga no kurinda ubuzima bwite, kandi binyuze mu nkunga ya politiki, inyigisho z’umutekano, n’ibindi, kugira ngo biteze imbere isi yose ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kuzimya umuriro.

Amateka y’ubwihindurize y’imyotsi y’umwotsi, kuva 'gutega amatwi Imana' kugeza kuri 'kwirwanaho gukomeye', ni cyo kimenyetso cy’abantu barwanya ingaruka z’umuriro. Munsi yumurongo wo guhuza ubwenge, iki gikoresho gakondo gifata igihagararo gishya, kiboha umuyoboro wumutekano ukingira umuryango, umuryango ndetse numujyi. Mu bihe biri imbere, iyo ikoranabuhanga n’ubumuntu byinjijwe cyane, dushobora gushobora kumenya neza intego y '' impanuka zeru zeru ', kugirango umuburo wose uhinduke urumuri rwicyizere cyubuzima.