Mu rwego rwo kwirinda inkongi, inzogera z'umwotsi zari zo zahoze ari umurongo wa nyuma wo kurinda ubuzima n'imitungo. Inzogera z'umwotsi za mbere zari nk'"umurinzi" udacecetse, zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye ryo kumenya amashanyarazi cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya iyoni kugira ngo zisohore ijwi ritobora amatwi iyo umwotsi wari urenze urugero. Ariko, hamwe n'iterambere ryihuse rya interineti y'ibintu, ubwenge bw'ubukorano n'ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho, iki gikoresho gakondo kirimo guhinduka mu buryo budasanzwe - kuva ku "nzogera imwe" yo kwirinda idakora, kugera ku "buhanga bwo guhuza "igihe cy'umutekano. Iri hinduka ntiryahinduye gusa imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, ahubwo ryanasobanuye neza uburyo umutekano w'inkongi ugezweho uhagaze.

1. Inzitizi n'Ibibazo by'Impuruza z'Umwotsi zisanzwe

Ihame ry’imikorere y’ibizamini by’umwotsi bisanzwe rishingiye ku buryo bwo kumenya ibintu cyangwa imiti, kandi ibizamini bikorwa no kumenya utwo duce tw’umwotsi. Nubwo iri koranabuhanga rishobora guhaza ibyo umuntu akeneye by’ibanze, rifite ingaruka mbi zigaragara mu bihe bigoye: umwuka wo guteka mu gikoni, amazi yo mu gihe cy’imbeho, ndetse n’udukoko mu cyuma gipima umwotsi.mu buryo butari bwo, bishobora gutera inzika zitari zo; kandi iyo abantu bari hanze hakavuka urusaku, nubwo haba habayeho inkongi nyayo, urusaku rukomeye rushobora gutuma nta muntu ubibona ngo abure umwanya mwiza wo guhunga.

Dukurikije amakuru, hafi 60% by'abahitanwa n'inkongi z'umuriro mu ngo baterwa no kunanirwa kw'ingufu zo mu rugo mu gihe cyagenwe. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bisanzwe byishingikiriza kuri bateri cyangwa amashanyarazi yigenga kandi nta buryo bwo kubigenzura kure no kwisuzuma, bigatuma bigorana kubona ibibazo nk'ibikoresho bisaza no kugabanuka kwa bateri mu gihe cyagenwe, bityo bigatera ibyago bishobora guteza umutekano muke.

2. Uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge: Kuvugurura 'Ikigo cy'imitsi' cyo kuburira inkongi y'umuriro

Gukundwa kw'ikoranabuhanga rya Internet of Things (IoT) byashyize "gene isobanutse" mu mashini zitanga amakuru y'umwotsi. Imashini zigezweho zitanga amakuru y'igihe nyacyo kuri porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa, sisitemu zigenzura ikoranabuhanga zo mu rugo cyangwa urubuga rwo kuzimya inkongi z'umuriro mu baturage binyuze mu buryo bw'itumanaho nka Wi-Fi, Bluetooth cyangwa Zigbee. Iyo umwotsi urenze urugero, abakoresha bashobora kwakira uburyo bwinshi bwo gutanga amakuru nko guhindagura no kumva ijwi ku nshuro ya mbere, nubwo baba bari mu birometero ibihumbi uvuye aho, ndetse bakanahuza kamera kugira ngo barebe aho hantu.

Mu nzego z'ubucuruzi n'iza leta, akamaro ko guhuza neza ni ingenzi cyane. Inzogera nyinshi zishobora gukora umuyoboro wa sensor utagira insinga, kugira ngo hagerwe ku 'nzogera imwe, igisubizo cy'umuyoboro wose'. Mu nyubako z'ibiro, mu bitaro no mu zindi nyubako nini, urubuga rw'ubuyobozi rushobora gukurikirana uko izo nzogera zose zihagaze mu gihe nyacyo, gukora ikarita y'ubushyuhe bw'impanuka, no gusuzuma ibyago byihishe mbere y'igihe; nyuma y'uko ishami rishinzwe kuzimya inkongi mu baturage rimaze kugera kuri sisitemu y'inzogera y'ubwenge, rishobora kubona vuba aho inkongi iherereye, kohereza ingabo z'ubutabazi, no kunoza cyane imikorere y'ubutabazi.

3. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Impinduramatwara y'ibidukikije ku muriro mu gihe cya AIoT

Hamwe n’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhanga bw’ubukorano (Artificial Intelligence (AI)) na interineti y’ibintu (IoT), ahazaza h’ibizamini by’umwotsi bizarenga urugero rw’ 'igikoresho kimwe' kandi bibe urufunguzo rw’ingenzi rw’urusobe rw’inkongi y’umuriro. Ku ruhande rumwe, ikoranabuhanga rya AI rizaha ibizamini 'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza': binyuze mu gusesengura amakuru y’amateka n’ibipimo by’ibidukikije, rizahanura ibyago by’inkongi; hamwe n’amakuru yerekeye ikirere, bizatanga umuburo hakiri kare ku byago by’inkongi mu gihe cy’umuhengeri n’umuyaga mwinshi. Urugero, mu mashyamba no mu bubiko bw’ibikoresho, ibyuma by’ubuhanga bipima umwotsi bitwarwa n’indege zitagira abapilote bishobora kugenzura ahantu hanini, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya amaso kugira ngo bifunge vuba aho inkongi ituruka.

Ku rundi ruhande, iterambere ry'amazu agezweho n'imijyi igezweho bizateza imbere intabaza ku iterambere rya 'Internet of Everything'. Mu gihe kizaza, intabaza y'umwotsi ishobora guhuzwa n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, gaze, monoxide ya karubone n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, bikaba 'ahantu nyaburanga' ho kurinda umutekano wo mu ngo; bihujwe n'ububiko bw'inkongi bw'umuriro bw'umujyi, sisitemu ishobora kugarura igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzu, aho ibikoresho byo kuzimya inkongi biherereye, kugira ngo bitange ubuyobozi nyabwo bwo gutabara; ndetse no mu modoka, indege n'ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu, sisitemu y'ubuhanga yo kuzimya umwotsi ishobora guhuzwa neza n'uburyo bwo kugwa ku ngufu n'ubutabazi bwihutirwa kugira ngo umutekano w'ubuzima urusheho kwiyongera.

4. Imbogamizi n'Ibyiringiro: Ibitekerezo biri inyuma y'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga

Nubwo hari amahirwe menshi yo kumenya, gukundwa kw'inzogera z'umwotsi w'ubwenge biracyafite imbogamizi nyinshi. Ingaruka z'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga ni zo za mbere - iyo igikoresho cyafashwe, gishobora gutuma inzogera zihagarara cyangwa inzogera z'ibinyoma; ikiguzi cy'ikoranabuhanga no kutamenya abakoresha nabyo byabangamiye kwamamaza ibicuruzwa by'ubwenge ku isoko riri kugabanuka. Byongeye kandi, guhuza kw'ibirango bitandukanye na gahunda bibangamira imikoranire y'urusobe rw'ibikorwa byo kuzimya inkongi. Muri urwo rwego, inganda zikeneye byihutirwa gushyiraho amahame amwe, gushimangira uburyo bwo kubika amakuru no kurinda ubuzima bwite bw'umuntu, no binyuze mu nkunga za politiki, kwigisha umutekano, nibindi, kugira ngo hatezwe imbere uburyo ibikoresho by'ubwenge byo kuzimya inkongi bikwirakwira hose.

Amateka y’ubwihindurize bw’ibitangaza by’umwotsi, kuva ku 'gutega amatwi Imana' kugeza ku 'kwirwanaho', ni incamake y’intambara y’abantu yo kurwanya ibyago by’inkongi. Mu gihe cy’imikoranire y’ubwenge, iyi mashini gakondo irimo gufata umwanya mushya, ikora umuyoboro w’umutekano utwikira umuryango, umuryango ndetse n’umujyi. Mu gihe kizaza, igihe ikoranabuhanga n’ubumenyi bw’abantu bihujwe cyane, dushobora kugera ku ntego y’uko 'nta n’umwe wahitanywe n’inkongi y’umuriro', ku buryo buri muburo uba urumuri rw’ibyiringiro by’ubuzima.